Free King Comm Days 2-5 of Managing and Scaling Are Being Uploaded Currently Video
Cureus. 2021 January; xiii(1): e12525.
Evaluation of YouTube Video Content Related to the Management of Hypoglycemia
Monitoring Editor: Alexander Muacevic and John R Adler
Ayse Cetin
one Emergency Medicine, Liv Infirmary, Istanbul, TUR
Abstruse
Objective
Hypoglycemia is a syndrome characterized past decreased claret glucose levels and tin can upshot in morbidity and mortality. Often, patients seek information about hypoglycemia from the Internet and especially YouTube. The objective of this study was to investigate the quality and reliability of the 50 most viewed videos related to hypoglycemia on YouTube.
Methods
The links of 50 videos that met the criteria were copied to spreadsheet software. Attributes of the uploaders, the content of the videos, their screening fourth dimension, the date they were uploaded, the number of days since the upload engagement, the number of daily views, comments, likes, dislike, and video power indexes were recorded. The videos were assessed past 2 contained emergency specialists using DISCERN and global quality scales (GQS).
Results
Of the selection, 27 (54%) videos were uploaded by wellness channels, xi (22%) by physicians, nine (18%) past hospital channels, and iii (6%) past patients. Furthermore, 30 (threescore%) of these l videos were real-content videos and twenty (40%) were animations. The average DISCERN score given by the researchers to l videos was 3.72 ± 0.ninety (min-max: ane-5) and the average GQS score was 3.65 ± 0.88. Hateful video ability index (VPI) value was adamant as 92.64 ± eleven. According to Pearson'southward analysis, there was a good understanding between the 2 observers.
Conclusion
Videos uploaded past physicians were useful. Nevertheless, health videos should simply exist uploaded by physicians. Uploading videos with content that the patients and their relatives tin clearly sympathize is of paramount importance.
Keywords: hypoglycemia, emergency department, youtube, discern, gqs
Introduction
Hypoglycemia is a syndrome that occurs with decreasing blood glucose levels and can outcome in morbidity and mortality in the person. It is one of the common causes of admission to the emergency department, and can as well lead to a spectrum ranging from a slight loss of concentration to loss of consciousness and decease likewise equally crusade a broad diversity of clinical symptoms [1]. It is known that a large proportion of patients worldwide admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with hypoglycemia are diabetic patients. Insulin used in the handling of diabetes is amidst the common causes of hypoglycemia [ii].
Currently, at that place is no definitive treatment for diabetes and these patients receive lifelong handling. Therefore, both patients and patient relatives seek information from different sources. One of the main sources of information is the Net. Some previous studies reported that lxxx% of patients or their relatives were looking for information about their illness on the Net [3,4].
YouTube is one of the most common resources where patients go to seek data on the Net. According to the statistics of YouTube for 2020, it has 2 billion users worldwide. It has been reported that one billion hours of video are watched daily on YouTube and 400 hours of video are uploaded every minute worldwide [five] and is one of the nigh visited social media platforms by professionals and individuals alike due to its free access [half dozen]. However, the scientific validity and reliability of health videos uploaded to YouTube are nonetheless controversial [seven-8]. Most of the content uploaded by not-professional person persons and/or organizations tin can be misleading and contain information without scientific grounds. In addition, there is no guarantee that the videos uploaded by individuals and/or organizations in the wellness field are of absolute quality, reliable, and sufficient. All the same, studies on this subject in the literature indicate that patients believe that the data they obtain on the Internet is at least equally reliable as the doctors' [9]. Many previous studies have reported that the quality of health-related videos on YouTube is low or medium quality [10-12]. These results show that wellness-related videos on YouTube need to exist supervised.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the quality and reliability of the 50 about relevant and virtually viewed videos with hypoglycemia content on YouTube.
Materials and methods
Drove of data
The terms "diabetic emergency," "hypoglycemia," "hypoglycemia emergency," and "diabetes management emergency," which were adamant by consensus by 2 emergency medicine specialists, were entered on YouTube separately and "relevance" was selected from the filtering options and the videos listed every bit available on November 1, 2020. Among the listed videos, those with advertising content, less than 60 seconds long, more than sixty minutes long, in a linguistic communication other than English, and videos with repetitive content were excluded. The links of l videos that run across the criteria have been copied and transferred to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The attributes of the uploaders, the content of the videos, their screening time, the appointment they were uploaded, the number of days since the upload engagement, the number of daily views, comments, likes, dislikes, and video power indexes were recorded. Daily views of videos were calculated according to the formula (date viewed for the report - engagement uploaded / total number of likes).
Video power alphabetize value is calculated according to the following formula: VPI = like count / (similar count + dislike count) ten 100.
Data assay
Fifty videos included in the report were evaluated separately past ii emergency medicine specialists and were scored separately according to quality criteria for consumer health data (DISCERN) and global quality scale (GQS), which were used in many studies before [xiii-15].
DISCERN
The DISCERN scale structured by Singh et al. was used to evaluate the reliability of the fifty videos analyzed [15]. The DISCERN scale consists of five questions in total, and each question is answered yep or no. Yes answer is 1 indicate and no answer is 0, and a maximum of 5 points tin be obtained. High scores from the calibration bespeak the reliability of the video content [16]. Questions on the DISCERN scale are given in Figure 1.
Figure one
Questions used in video evaluation with the DISCERN scale
GQS scale
In the GQS scale developed by Bernard et al., points are awarded after the Web content is completely evaluated. In the GQS scale, the quality of the examined content is evaluated with a v-point arrangement [17]. According to the GQS scale, information accessibility, quality, general flow, and how the evaluator thinks the content will be useful to the individual are evaluated. One point from the scale indicates depression quality, 2 points for depression quality or limited use, three points for somewhat useful, four points for useful, and v points for useful/excellent quality [17]. Questions on the GQS scale are given in Figure ii. Hither, 1-two points from the GQS and DISCERN scales betoken that the video content is misleading, 3 points indicate that it is of medium quality and reliability, and 4-5 points indicate that the video content is beneficial for the viewers.
Figure 2
Questions used in video evaluation with the GQS calibration
Statistical assay
Data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS 23.0 statistical software (Statistical Packet for Social Sciences, IBM, Armonk, NJ). Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum descriptive statistics, while nominal variables were given as frequency and pct. Continuous variables were compared with independent sample t-test, and nominal variables with chi-foursquare test. The correlation betwixt two rates was examined by Spearman's correlation analysis and the agreement between them was evaluated using alpha coefficients. P<0.05 values were considered statistically meaning.
Results
Of the 50 videos included in the study, 27 (54%) were uploaded by health channels, eleven (22%) past physicians, 9 (xviii%) by hospital channels, and three (six%) by patients. While 30 (60%) of these 50 videos were existent content videos, 20 (forty%) were animated.
The length of the videos, the number of views, the time since the upload date, the number of daily views, the number of comments, likes and dislikes are given in Table 1.
Tabular array 1
General characteristics of the videos
| Hateful ± SD | Median | Min | Max | |
| Video Length (seconds) | 561.32 ± 387.71 | 400 | 60 | 1400 |
| Number of Views (full) | 148.268 ± 159542.4 | xxx.339 | 1.000 | 773.000 |
| Time since Video Upload (days) | 1424.52 ± 919.92 | 1184 | 115 | 3626 |
| Number of Views (daily) | 91.04 ± 148.59 | 280 | 2 | 755 |
| Comments (count) | 66 ± 132 | 13 | 0 | 755 |
| Likes (count) | 935 ± 1736 | 58 | 1 | 9400 |
| Dislike (count) | 31.8 ± 53 | 21 | 0 | 272 |
The nature of the uploaders of the videos included in the study, the content of the videos and the number of views are given in Tabular array ii.
Table 2
Distribution of video content according to the nature of the uploaders and the number of views
| General Information | Education | Kickoff Assistance | Patient Feel | Surgery | Views | |
| Health Channel | 4 | xi | 9 | 0 | two | ii.687.269 |
| Hospital Channel | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 0 | 579.793 |
| Physician | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | i.445.597 |
| Patient | 0 | 0 | 0 | iii | 0 | 95.044 |
The total number of views of l videos included in the study was found to be iv.997.792.
The number of views of the most watched ten videos, the quality of the uploaders, the video content, the upload date and VPI values are given in Tabular array iii.
Tabular array 3
Full general characteristics and VPI values of the 10 almost watched videos
| Views | Uploader | Content | Date | VPI (%) |
| 773.000 | Wellness Channel | Commencement Assistance | 2012 | 100 |
| 275.000 | Health Channel | First Help | 2013 | 98.66 |
| 712.606 | Physician | Education | 2013 | 95.73 |
| 374.560 | Health Aqueduct | Educational activity | 2014 | 92.36 |
| 226.094 | Patient | Patient Feel | 2016 | 97.78 |
| 172.000 | Health Channel | Genel Bilgi | 2017 | 97.08 |
| 173.073 | Wellness Channel | First Help | 2017 | 97.08 |
| 276.355 | Doc | Didactics | 2017 | 97.92 |
| 173.077 | Wellness Channel | First Aid | 2017 | 97.08 |
| 329.000 | Md | Start Aid | 2019 | 99.19 |
The average DISCERN score given by the researchers to 50 videos was 3.72 ± 0.90 (min-max: i-5) and the average GQS score was 3.65 ± 0.88. Mean VPI value was adamant as 92.64 ± eleven. The average DISCERN score given by the researchers to animated videos was three.82 ± 0.92 (min-max = three-5) and the boilerplate GQS score was three.85 ± 0.92. The average DISCERN score given to real content videos was 3.63 ± 0.96 (min-max: 2-5) and the average GQS score was 3.half dozen ± 0.92 (min-max: one-5).
The average DISCERN score given past the first researcher to the videos was 3.84 ± 0.85 (min-max: 2-5) and the boilerplate GQS score was iii.74 ± 0.86 (min-max: i-five).
The boilerplate DISCERN score given by the second researcher to 50 videos was 3.56 ± 0.96 (min-max: i-5) and the average GQS score was 3.64 ± 0.91 (min-max: 1-5). Appropriately, a good level of consistency was constitute between the beginning and the second observer in terms of both DISCERN (r = 0.819, p <0.001) and GQS scores (r = 8.344, p <0.001). Average DISCERN, GQS and VPI values according to the nature of the uploaders are given in Table 4.
Table 4
DISCERN, GQS and VPI values according to the nature of the uploaders
| Uploaders | Count | DISCERN | GQS | VPI (%) |
| Health Aqueduct | 27 | iii.59 ± 0.87 | 3.42 ± 0.86 | 92.53 ± 10.71 |
| Hospital Channel | 9 | 3.55 ± 0.91 | iii.83 ± 0.89 | 93.38 ± 10.lxxx |
| Md | xi | 4.68 ± 0.96 | 4.77 ± 0.96 | 95.xi ± eleven.25 |
| Patient | three | ane.5 ± i.07 | ane.66 ± i.01 | 82.26 ± xiii.53 |
In our study, it was determined that three videos got 1-two points and had misleading content and all of these videos were uploaded by the patients. While nosotros found that the videos were more often than not of medium quality, videos uploaded by physicians had useful and valid content (Table 5).
Table 5
Quality of videos based on uploaders' attributes
| Uploaders | Misleading | Medium Quality | Useful | Full |
| Wellness Channel | 0 | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| Hospital Channel | 0 | 6 | 3 | ix |
| Md | 0 | three | eleven | 11 |
| Patient | 3 | 0 | 0 | three |
When the videos were generally examined, it was found that 3 (half-dozen%) videos included misleading content, 31 (62%) videos had medium-quality content, and sixteen (32%) videos had helpful and reliable content.
Discussion
Hypoglycemia is an endocrine emergency that tin alter the mental state of the patient, and may upshot in languor, confusion, and organ dysfunction. Hypoglycemia is defined every bit a serum glucose level of <50 mg/dL in men, <45 mg/dL in women and <40 mg/dL in children. In a retrospective report conducted by Lipska et al., Information technology was shown that hospital admissions due to hypoglycemia increased from 94 to 105 per 100,000 people between 1999-2011 [18]. Severe hypoglycemia is a medical emergency and is very important for patients with diabetes. Hypoglycemia is a major complexity of insulin therapy, causing approximately 100,000 emergency room admissions per year in the U.s. [19]. Hypoglycemia has been associated with increased bloodshed rates in hospitalized patients, and this is due to the nature of the disease in patients susceptible to exist hypoglycemic [20]. Patients who have a hypoglycemic attack leading to unconsciousness should be taken to the nearest emergency room without wasting fourth dimension. From this point of view, patients susceptible to hypoglycemia try to obtain information nearly their disease from any possible source. For this reason, every bit with many diseases, hypoglycemic patients most ordinarily utilise the Internet and especially the YouTube platform to obtain information almost their diseases. However, the quality and reliability of the information bachelor on these platforms can be controversial and many studies accept been conducted on this field of study [20-23]. In these studies, content from videos were analyzed using diverse rating scales.
DISCERN [15,23] and GQS [13,24] scales were widely used to measure the quality and reliability of the videos in the studies, both of which nosotros also utilized in this newspaper.
In our study, we plant that the videos were generally of medium quality. In almost of the studies previously reported in the literature, it was stated that the videos were poor or moderate [25,26]. Researchers accredited this to the nature of the uploaders of the videos. It has been reported that the videos uploaded past patients and their relatives are bad and misleading [27]. Nosotros found that but three of the l videos nosotros examined were uploaded by patients and all of these independent misleading content. However, it was likewise reported that videos uploaded by patients were viewed and liked more videos uploaded by professionals in some previous studies [10,12].
There is currently no control mechanism for the content of videos uploaded to YouTube, and anyone who wishes, regardless of its nature, tin can upload whatsoever content to YouTube. In this context, YouTube provides advertising and promotion opportunities to individuals and organizations for commercial purposes. For this purpose, health organizations, similar most organizations, advertise their own services on YouTube on various diseases and health issues. Even so, since there is no audit and control machinery for this information, there may be some doubts near the quality and reliability of this information. Despite this, patients are increasingly trying to benefit from the content on YouTube and learn well-nigh their diseases earlier applying to health institutions and seeking a medical solution to their problems.
In our study, nosotros found that 27 of the 50 videos examined were uploaded past health channels, nine videos were uploaded by infirmary channels and that these videos were of medium quality/reliability. The reasons for this were that the video content uploaded past health channels and hospital channels was not sufficiently up to appointment, the information was not given at a sufficient level, the use of medical terms that could not exist understood past the viewers, and the promotion of the specific health institution. In the written report conducted by Yurdaisik, it was determined that the videos uploaded by health channels were also of medium quality [10]. Similarly, in the studies conducted by Kuru et al. [12] and Aydin et al. [11], videos uploaded by health channels were reported to be of medium quality.
In our study, we found that 11 videos were uploaded directly by physicians and all of these videos had useful/safe content. Information technology has also been reported in previous studies that the videos uploaded by physicians are of loftier quality and safe [28,29]. However, there are besides studies reporting that the videos uploaded by the physicians are non of sufficient quality either [10,12]. When the findings of our study and the results of the previously reported studies are examined, it becomes clear that wellness-related videos should only be uploaded by physicians. Yet, we call back that videos uploaded by physicians should too go through a control mechanism and be updated periodically.
Limitations of the study
This study has some limitations. Videos were viewed and evaluated as snapshots. However, as is known, the number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments of videos on YouTube can change at any time. In addition, equally information technology is known, research results may vary according to the geographical location of the viewer. Finally, information technology is inevitable that the IP history of the figurer performing the investigation volition have an impact on the results. Nonetheless, the strength of our study is that information technology is the get-go study in the literature evaluating the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on hypoglycemia.
Conclusions
In this study, we analyzed the most relevant and nearly-watched videos with hypoglycemia content on YouTube. Nosotros found that the videos uploaded by the patients were misleading, and the videos uploaded by the health and hospital channels were of medium quality and reliability. We came to the decision that but videos uploaded past doctors take useful content and thus wellness videos should only be uploaded by them. In add-on, the increment in the number of videos about deadly conditions such as hypoglycemia, uploading awareness videos and uploading videos with content that the patients and their relatives tin can clearly empathise is also of cracking significance.
Acknowledgments
I would similar to thank Dr Tufan Akin Giray for the aid in evaluating the YouTube videos.
Notes
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical feel and/or research past independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is non responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research and reference purposes. Additionally, manufactures published within Cureus should not exist deemed a suitable substitute for the advice of a qualified health intendance professional. Do non disregard or avoid professional medical advice due to content published within Cureus.
The authors have alleged that no competing interests exist.
Human being Ideals
Consent was obtained past all participants in this written report
Fauna Ideals
Beast subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve creature subjects or tissue.
References
1. Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypoglycaemia. Mukherjee E, Carroll R, Matfin G. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2011;2:81–93. [PMC gratuitous article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
2. Hypoglycemia in diabetes. Cryer PE, Davis SN, Shamoon H. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1902–1912. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. Systematic review of cyberspace patient information on colorectal cancer surgery. Wasserman One thousand, Baxter NN, Rosen B, Burnstein M, Halverson AL. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57:64–69. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Is content really king? An objective assay of the public'due south response to medical videos on YouTube. Desai T, Shariff A, Dhingra V, Minhas D, Eure M, Kats Thousand. PLoS One. 2013;8 [PMC gratis article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Mechanisms and situations of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional male soccer players: a YouTube-based video analysis. Grassi A, Smiley SP, Roberti di Sarsina T, et al. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2017;27:967–981. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
9. Patients' employ of the cyberspace to notice reliable medical information about minor ailments: vignette-based experimental study. Kwakernaak J, Eekhof JA, De Waal MW, Barenbrug EA, Chavannes NH. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21:0. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
x. Assay of the most viewed first fifty videos on youtube about chest cancer. Yurdaisik I. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:2750148. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
xi. Quality and reliability of information available on YouTube and Google pertaining gastroesophageal reflux disease. Aydin MF, Aydin MA. Int J Med Inform. 2020;137:104107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
12. Evaluation of the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on rotator gage tears. Kuru T, Erken HY. Cureus. 2020 Feb;3:0. [PMC gratis article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
13. A qualitative analysis of methotrexate self-injection didactics videos on YouTube. Rittberg R, Dissanayake T, Katz SJ. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35:1329–1333. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
fourteen. Fiction, falsehoods, and few facts: cross-sectional written report on the content-related quality of atopic eczema-related videos on YouTube. Mueller SM, Hongler VNS, Jungo P, et al. J Med Internet Res. 2020;24:0. [PMC free commodity] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
15. YouTube for information on rheumatoid arthritis--a wakeup phone call? Singh AG, Singh Southward, Singh PP. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:899–903. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. Charnock D, Sheppard S, Needham K, Gann R. J Epidemiol Customs Health. 1999;53:105–111. [PMC gratuitous article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. A systematic review of patient inflammatory bowel disease information resources on the Www. Bernard A, Langille Thou, Hughes S, Rose C, Leddin D, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:2070–2077. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18. National trends in US hospital admissions for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia amidst Medicare beneficiaries, 1999 to 2011. Lipska KJ, Ross JS, Wang Y, et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:1116–1124. [PMC gratis article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
nineteen. National estimates of insulin-related hypoglycemia and errors leading to emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Geller AI, Shehab North, Lovegrove MC, et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:678–686. [PMC gratuitous article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20. The impact of frequent and unrecognized hypoglycemia on mortality in the ACCORD study. Seaquist ER, Miller ME, Bonds DE, et al. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:409–414. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
21. YouTube™ as a source of data on food poisoning. Li K, Yan South, Yang D, Li B, Cui West. BMC Public Health. 2019:952–2019. [PMC complimentary article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
22. The reliability of YouTube videos in patients education for glioblastoma treatment. ReFaey One thousand, Tripathi Due south, Yoon JW, et al. J Clin Neurosci. 2018;55:1–4. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
23. The usefulness of YouTube™ videos equally a source of information on burning mouth syndrome. Fortuna 1000, Schiavo JH, Aria Grand, Mignogna MD, Klasser GD. J Oral Rehabil. 2019;46:657–665. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
24. Assessment of reliability of YouTube videos on orthodontics. Kılınç DD, Sayar G. Turk J Orthod. 2019;32:145–150. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
25. Youtube as a source of data about premature ejaculation handling. Gul M, Diri MA. J Sexual practice Med. 2019;sixteen:1734–1740. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
26. YouTube as a source of information in retinopathy of prematurity. Şahin A, Şahin M, Türkcü FM. Ir J Med Sci. 2019;188:613–617. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
27. Evaluation of YouTube video content about developmental dysplasia of the hip. Oztermeli A, Karahan North. Cureus. 2020;12:0. [PMC costless article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
28. Evaluation of the content, quality, reliability and accurateness of YouTube videos regarding endotracheal intubation techniques. Ocak U. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21:1651–1655. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
29. Thyroid surgery YouTube videos: estimating quality by surgeon characteristics and view rate. Shires CB, Wilson CD, Sebelik Chiliad. Gland Surg. 2019;eight:207–211. [PMC complimentary article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Articles from Cureus are provided here courtesy of Cureus Inc.
statenbroppack1963.blogspot.com
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7863569/
0 Response to "Free King Comm Days 2-5 of Managing and Scaling Are Being Uploaded Currently Video"
Post a Comment